TRG sued a bunch of ex-employees for stealing trade secrets and violating a non-solicitation agreement. TRG obtained a preliminary injunction and the employees appealed. The Court of Appeal in essence held that if a former employer proves misuse of trade secrets under the Trade Secrets Act or Unfair Competition Law, the former employee may be enjoined from misusing those trade secrets. But no court can enjoin a non-solicitation clause merely because it appears in an agreement. Here is the money quote:
We distill from the foregoing cases that section 16600 bars a court from specifically enforcing (by way of injunctive relief) a contractual clause purporting to ban a former employee from soliciting former customers to transfer their business away from the former employer to the employee's new business, but a court may enjoin tortious conduct (as violative of either the Uniform Trade Secrets Act and/or the Unfair Competition Law) by banning the former employee from using trade secret information to identify existing customers, to facilitate the solicitation of such customers, or to otherwise unfairly compete with the former employer. Viewed in this light, therefore, the conduct is enjoinable not because it falls within a judicially-created "exception" to section 16600's ban on contractual nonsolicitation clauses, but is instead enjoinable because it is wrongful independent of any contractual undertaking.
Recent decisions have said as much, albeit less concisely. The point is that a non-solicitation agreement is now legally unnecessary to create substantive rights because the Trade Secret Act does not require such an agreement for an employer to come within its provisions. However, a non-solicitation clause, which is usually found in a confidentiality agreement, may be part of the evidence showing that the employer takes reasonable measures to maintain the secrecy of trade secrets. Therefore, it may not be a good idea to abandon such contractual provisions.
At the same time, it remains to be seen whether such clauses will be attacked as "overreaching" and, therefore, unfair competition.